forbidden archeology

[bentech]

Stone Age Britons imported wheat in shock sign of sophistication.
By Alister Doyle

feb 28, 2015


OSLO (Reuters) - Stone Age Britons imported wheat about 8,000 years ago in a surprising sign of sophistication for primitive hunter-gatherers long viewed as isolated from European agriculture, a study showed on Thursday.

British scientists found traces of wheat DNA in a Stone Age site off the south coast of England near the Isle of Wight, giving an unexpected sign of contact between ancient hunter-gatherers and farmers who eventually replaced them.

The wheat DNA was dated to 8,000 years ago, 2,000 years before Stone Age people in mainland Britain started growing cereals and 400 years before farming reached what is now northern Germany or France, they wrote in the journal Science.

"We were surprised to find wheat," co-author Robin Allaby of the University of Warwick told Reuters of finds at Bouldnor Cliff.

"This is a smoking gun of cultural interaction," between primitive hunter-gatherers in Britain and farmers in Europe, he said of the findings in the journal Science.

"It will upset archaeologists. The conventional view of Britain at the time was that it was cut off," he said. "We can only speculate how they got wheat -- it could have been trade, a gift or stolen."

The scientists also found DNA of oak, poplar and beech and of dogs or wolves, deer, grouse and auroch, a type of cow. There was no trace of wheat pollen in the samples, indicating that it was not grown locally.

The scientists found the DNA at what was apparently a pre-historic site for boat building. The sediments are now 11.5 metres (38 feet) below sea level.

Britain used to be connected by land to Europe during the Ice Age but melting icecaps pushed seas higher about 10,000 years ago. A land bridge may have lingered 8,000 years ago.

Farming reaching the Balkans about 8-9,000 years ago from the Middle East and eventually spread throughout Europe.

Greger Larson, an American archaeologist at Oxford University who was not involved in the study, praised the experts for extensive checks to ensure against mis-interpretation or contamination of DNA.

The find of wheat "will make us re-evaluate the relationships between farmers and hunter-gatherers," he told Reuters.

He said there has been other signs of contacts, including bones of domesticated pigs in Germany in Stone Age hunter-gatherer settlements. "There are trade networks that pre-date agriculture," he said.



http://news.yahoo.com/stone-age-britons ... 05075.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

[bentech]

bureau of land management news release


For Release:
March 5, 2015
Contact:
Stephen Baker

Evidence of
One of the
Oldest Human Occupations in Western United States
Discovered on BLM Land in Southeast Oregon
Portland, Ore.
–
Near the Rimrock Draw Rock shelter outside of Riley, Oregon,
archaeologists recently discovered evidence suggesting one of
the oldest known human occupations in the western United States.
Archaeologists with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the University of Oregon Archaeological Field School have been
excavating at the Rimrock Draw Rock shelter since 2011.
Their discoveries have included a number of stone projectile points and
tooth enamel fragments likely belonging to a prehistoric camel (Camelops sp.) that became extinct approximately 13,000 years ago.
But what has the archaeological community most excited is a small stone tool found below a layer of volcanic ash. Near the bottom
of a 12-foot deposit, archeologists discovered a layer of ash that
was identifiedas volcanic ash from a Mt. St. Helens eruption about 15,800 years ago.
Beneath the layer of volcanic ash, archaeologists discovered a small
orange agate tool believed
to have been used for scraping animal hides, butchering, and possibly
carving wood. A bloodresidue analysis of the tool revealed animal proteins
consistent with bison, the most likely
species being Bison antiquus, an extinct ancestor of the modern buffalo.
“The discovery of this tool below a layer of undisturbed
ash that dates to 15,800 years old means that this tool is likely more
than 15,800 years old, which would suggest theoldest human
occupation west of the Rockies,” said Scott Thomas, BLM Burns District archaeologist.
Presently, Oregon’s Paisley Cave, also managed by the BLM,
isconsidered home to the earliest known residents of North America
based on human physical evidence.
In 2008, a team of archaeologists, led by Dr. Dennis Jenkins with
the University of Oregon's Museum of Natural and Cultural History,
discovered coprolites - dried feces - containing human DNA dated over
14,000 years old. Dr. Patrick O’Grady,with the University of Oregon Archaeological Field School, has been directing
the Rimrock Draw Rockshelter excavations since they began


http://www.blm.gov/or/news/files/BLM_Ar ... _Final.pdf" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

[bentech]

if this bracelet find turns out to truely be denisovan
the earth has been shaken...


Stone bracelet is oldest ever found in the world
By Anna Liesowska
07 May 2015

Dating back 40,000 years to the Denisovan species of early humans, new pictures show beauty and craftsmanship of prehistoric jewellery.

http://siberiantimes.com/science/casest ... the-world/" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

[bentech]

Scientists just found soft tissue inside a dinosaur fossil. Here's why that's so exciting.


Updated by Joseph Stromberg on June 9, 2015,



Dinosaur fossils, it was long thought, are simple objects. The fossilization process leaves the overall shape of a dinosaur's bones intact, but all the microscopic structures inside them — the blood cells, connective fibers, and other sorts of soft tissue — inevitably decay over time.

But that view is changing — and it's possible that many ancient fossils may preserve more detail than meets the eye. The sort of biological tissue now being found in some fossils could tell us about dinosaur anatomy, behavior, and evolution in ways that weren't possible just a few years ago.

dino collagen

(Sergio Bertazzo)

The photo above, from a new study published today in Nature Communications and led by Sergio Bertazzo of Imperial College London, shows an extremely zoomed-in view of a 75-million-year-old theropod claw, taken from the London Natural History Museum's collection. When researchers scraped tiny pieces off the fossil and looked at them under an electron microscope, they found tiny structures that look a lot like collagen fibers present in our own ligaments, tendons, and bones.

Related This paleontologist just snuck a marriage proposal into his paper on a new dinosaur
How do you smuggle a dinosaur? And 7 other questions about the fossil black market

In other dinosaur fossils, the researchers found features that resemble red blood cells. Tests showed that they have a similar chemical composition to the blood of an emu (a bird thought to be a relatively close relative to dinosaurs).



The idea that dinosaur fossils might harbor soft tissue first surfaced about a decade ago, when paleontologist Mary Schweitzer found evidence of blood cells preserved inside T. rex fossils.

But what's so exciting about this new study is that the fossils used, unlike Schweitzer's, aren't particularly well-preserved. Susannah Maidment, one of the paleontologists who worked on the paper, called them "crap" specimens. If they have preserved soft tissue inside them, it could be a sign that thousands of other fossils in museum collections do too.
How paleontologists found blood inside dinosaur fossils





For hundreds of years, most paleontologists never considered that their fossils might preserve these sorts of microscopic soft-tissue features. It was assumed that the proteins and other molecules they're made of would deteriorate in just a few million years.

What's more, looking inside them to confirm this would require that people damage the fossil, either by breaking it open or by dissolving the hard, mineralized outside, as Schweitzer did with her T. rex. "No right-thinking paleontologist would do what Mary did with her specimens," paleontologist Thomas Holtz told Smithsonian for a 2006 story on Schweitzer's discovery. "We don’t go to all this effort to dig this stuff out of the ground to then destroy it in acid."





Schweitzer did so after a veterinarian at a conference happened to see microscope slides of T. rex bone slices and observed that there were red blood cells inside it. But her claim remained controversial among paleontologists — even after her 2006 paper, which presented more thorough testing.

More recent chemical analysis has provided further evidence that the
T. rex bones do indeed contain blood cells, and Schweitzer has since found soft tissue preserved inside an 80-million-year-old hadrosaur. It's still unclear exactly how this soft tissue is able to survive, but some hypothesize that iron molecules might bind to proteins in the tissue, making it more stable.

This newest paper, conducted with weathered, run-of-the-mill fossils rather than pristine ones, suggests that this process might be the rule, not the exception. If so, these findings could be the first of many to come.
Dinosaur blood and proteins could tell us about their behavior and evolution


You can only learn so much about an organism from its bones. As much as we've discovered from the hundreds of thousands of dinosaur fossils excavated around the world, we're still debating whether dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded and how many of them had feathers.

Peering inside these dinosaurs' bones — to look at their blood cells, connective tissue, and other microscopic features — could dramatically improve our understanding of their biology as a whole. The structure of their blood cells, for instance, could hint at their behavior and physiology in ways that their bones simply can't.

"The tissue might help scientists better understand evolutionary relationships between species"

The new information might also help scientists better understand evolutionary relationships between species. In the study, researchers found that the proteins inside the collagen-like fibers are well-preserved, with the specific sequence of amino acids that they're built from largely intact. Amino acid sequences in proteins gradually evolve over time and vary from species to species, somewhat like DNA — so analyzing them in dinosaurs could lead to better knowledge about the evolutionary relationships between them and other species, like birds.

But there's one thing we can't do with this soft tissue: extract dinosaur DNA and make Jurassic Park a reality. Compared with collagen fibers and red blood cells, DNA is much, much smaller and more fragile.

Perhaps DNA could also be more readily preserved than thought. But scientists currently estimate that it has a half-life of just 521 years, and dinosaurs largely died off 65 million years ago.


http://www.vox.com/2015/6/9/8748035/din ... d-proteins" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

[dill786]

Visiting the Serapeum at Saqqara, Egypt

[dill786]

void found in the giza pyramid

[bentech]

It is generally supposed that the Descending Passage was opened in antiquity; both Herodotus, in 445 B.C., and Strabo, writing around 20 A.D., give accounts that imply this. There is nothing, though, to show that the secret of the Ascending Passage was known to the Greeks or Romans. It is not until we reach the 800s, and the reign of an especially curious and learned Muslim ruler, the Caliph Ma’mun, that the record becomes interesting again.
It’s here that it becomes necessary to look beyond the obvious. Most scholarly accounts state unequivocally that it was Ma’mun who first forced his way into the upper reaches of the pyramid, in the year 820 A.D. By then, they say, the location of the real entrance had been long forgotten, and the caliph therefore chose what seemed to be a likely spot and set his men to forcing a new entry—a task they accomplished with the help of a large slice of luck.
Popular Science magazine, in 1954, put it this way:
Starting on the north face, not far from the secret entrance they had failed to find, Al-Mamun’s men drove a tunnel blindly into the pyramid’s solid rock…. The tunnel had progressed about 100 feet southward into the pyramid when the muffled thud of a falling rock slab, somewhere near them, electrified the diggers. Burrowing eastward whence the sound had come, they broke into the Descending Passage. Their hammering, they found, had shaken down the limestone slab hiding the plugged mouth of the Ascending Passage.


https://mikedashhistory.com/2011/09/01/ ... t-pyramid/" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

[bentech]

You see, the forced entry that has been driven into the pyramid is just a little too good to be true. Put it this way: perhaps the question that we should be asking is how a passage dug apparently at random in a structure the size of the Great Pyramid emerges at the exact spot where the Descending and the Ascending Passages meet, and where the secrets of the upper reaches of the pyramid are at their most exposed.

[MadMoonMan]

I live on a hidden mountaintop and my graveyard is not getting full.

I to lazy to dig a grave.

Am I insane?

If we are out in the middle of the desert and horses dead and your bleeding from a bullet wound in the middle of the ... beeping ... desert .. one foot in front of nother... You think I'm going to bury your ass if you die? Waste any water? Don't waste your water on me buzzards are just as good as maggots and coyote. At least as coyote shit I will be spread around.

Sorry. Love ya but

rattlesnake bite .. lol uh oh...

looks down.. never expected that.

[bentech]

This fascinating pre-Incan society, high-up in the Andes, lacked social hierarchies

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/this-fascinati ... es-1645520" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;